Economy and Society

RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH TO MANAGING THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES UNDER MARTIAL LAW

2025-10-10T08:13:29+00:00

The study focuses on analyzing environmental risks faced by industrial enterprises under martial law conditions. It systematically categorizes risks based on their sources, mechanisms of realization, and potential consequences, presenting a comprehensive classification. Specific threats were identified for various industrial sectors, including chemical, energy, and oil refining industries, highlighting their potential for regional and national environmental impacts. Five alternative strategies for managing economic and environmental security were developed: proactive, relocative, adaptive, minimalist, and innovative. Each strategy is tailored to specific operational conditions, with detailed advantages and limitations outlined. A multi-criteria analysis evaluated these strategies based on parameters such as environmental security, economic efficiency, technical feasibility, and adaptability, revealing the adaptive strategy as the most effective (scoring 8.0) due to its balance of security, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility. The relocative strategy, while ensuring the highest economic and environmental security, scored lower due to significant economic losses. A decision matrix was constructed to guide strategy selection based on the level of military threat and industry-specific factors, recommending adaptive strategies for most scenarios and evacuation for high-risk conflict zones. The findings provide a practical framework for industrial enterprises to mitigate environmental risks while maintaining operational viability, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers and industry leaders to enhance environmental resilience in wartime conditions.

FINANCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES IN THE PROCESS OF ENTERING INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS

2025-10-08T08:49:31+00:00

The article reveals the features of the financial transformation of agricultural companies in the process of entering international capital markets by expanding the issues of ensuring the investment attractiveness of large agribusiness enterprises, improving financing instruments and removing barriers to the integration of the agro-food sector into the global economy. The processes of financial transformation of agricultural companies aimed at ensuring their competitiveness and investment attractiveness through the use of innovative financial strategies, digital technologies and transparency standards are substantiated. It is proved that financial transformation should be considered as a component of the general corporate modernization of business models in order to strengthen the importance of capital raising instruments, in particular, from IPOs, bond issuance and the introduction of the latest criteria for an ESG-oriented financial strategy in order to increase the efficiency, stability and transparency of agricultural companies.

THE EMPLOYER BRAND RISK RESILIENCE DIAGNOSTICS: METHODICAL APPROACH

2025-10-09T08:13:31+00:00

The article substantiates the need for conducting the employer brand risk resilience diagnostics. The author analyzes science literature. The result allowed to determine the company’s employer brand risk resilience as a complex concept. It characterizes the employer brand’s management system’s quality and reliability. It also implies the ability to achieve planned development indicators and withstand the negative impact of destabilizing factors, phenomena and processes. The author proposes the methodical approach to diagnostics. It involves determining the integral indicator of the risk tolerance of the company's employer brand based on the calculation of: the quality coefficient (reflects the adequacy of the company's internal potential in terms of employer brand attributes), the internal vulnerability coefficient (reflects the degree of influence of the company's internal risks on the level of employer brand development) and the external threat coefficient (reflects the negative impact of external factors on maintaining the level of development of the employer brand ) of the employer brand. For each coefficient, the composition of indicators and the algorithm for their evaluation are determined. The study identifies a list of internal vulnerability factors (internal risks) for each of the employer brand attributes (organizational, functional, economic and psychological). It also identifies a list of external threat factors (external risks). It should be noted that external threats affect the overall state and level of development of the employer brand, i.e. they affect each of the attributes with equal force. In order to determine the qualitative identification of the company's employer brand risk resilience level, a scale has been proposed. It includes three levels (green, yellow and red zone). Proposed methodical approach will allow you to assess the overall level of the employer brand risk resilience. And also based on cause-and-effect relationships, identify bottlenecks and make appropriate management decisions. They will improve the level of the employer brand development in the long term.

MODERN MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES IN TRADE: AUTONOMOUS LIGHTING OF OUTDOOR ADVERTISING ON SOLAR PANELS

2025-10-09T08:13:30+00:00

This article examines the efficiency of solar-powered LED lighting systems for outdoor advertising, with particular attention to the Ukrainian context of energy instability and rising demand for sustainable marketing technologies. The research highlights the technical parameters and practical benefits of autonomous solar-LED solutions, including high luminous efficacy (up to 160 lm/W), extended service life (50,000–80,000 hours), and low-voltage operation ensuring user safety. Solar-powered systems enable continuous visibility of advertising billboards and signs during nighttime hours without reliance on centralized electricity supply. This is particularly relevant under conditions of rolling blackouts and infrastructure damage, where conventional lighting methods become costly or unavailable. From a marketing perspective, the visibility and attractiveness of illuminated advertisements directly affect brand recognition, consumer engagement, and business competitiveness. The integration of renewable energy technologies into advertising infrastructure not only reduces operational costs but also aligns with global sustainability trends, enhancing the corporate image as environmentally responsible. The article further analyzes the economic feasibility of such systems, demonstrating that reduced wiring, maintenance, and electricity expenses offset initial investment costs. Moreover, technical solutions such as IP68-rated fixtures, motion or light sensors, and modular installation methods are discussed as ways to increase system reliability and energy savings. The study concludes that suspended LED street lamps with integrated photovoltaic panels and smart control functions represent the most suitable option for Ukraine’s urban and commercial environments. Their adoption contributes to energy efficiency, ecological safety, and resilience of advertising strategies in volatile energy markets. The authors recommend the development of standardized installation and maintenance guidelines for solar-powered LED systems, which will ensure consistent performance, encourage large-scale adoption, and provide businesses with a competitive advantage while supporting the principles of sustainable urban development.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING STRATEGIES IN FORMING THE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

2025-10-09T08:13:30+00:00

The article provides a comprehensive and systematic study of the theoretical, methodological, and applied foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing and sales strategies of enterprises, with an emphasis on the specific features of the agro-industrial sector. It substantiates the crucial role of marketing as a strategic determinant of competitiveness, financial stability, and sustainable growth of enterprises in the context of digital transformation, global competition, and rapid technological progress. The research generalizes the existing conceptual approaches to understanding marketing efficiency, identifies the gaps in current assessment practices, and emphasizes the necessity of developing an integrated system of evaluation that reflects the multifaceted nature of marketing performance. The methodological framework proposed in the study is grounded in the principles of efficiency, systematicity, adaptability, multi-level assessment, and the motivational function of performance indicators. The article suggests a combination of quantitative analytical methods and qualitative expert evaluations, allowing for an objective and comprehensive assessment of both tangible and intangible outcomes of marketing strategies. Special attention is given to the formation of a balanced system of indicators, including profitability, productivity, resource utilization, innovation activity, brand reputation, customer loyalty, and the enterprise’s responsiveness to market changes. The developed system enables the identification of reserves for improving marketing efficiency, optimizing costs, and enhancing decision-making quality. It is proven that the effectiveness of marketing and sales strategies extends beyond economic results and serves as a strategic indicator of the enterprise’s adaptability, market positioning, and long-term development potential. The conclusions highlight that the integrated assessment of marketing effectiveness contributes to building sustainable competitive advantages, strengthening partnerships, and ensuring the stable functioning of enterprises in the conditions of a dynamically changing global environment and digital economy.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF THE DOMESTIC DERIVATIVES EXCHANGE TRADING DEVELOPMENT

2025-10-09T08:13:29+00:00

The article highlights the theoretical foundations of the organizational and economic prerequisites for the derivative contract’s exchange trading development in Ukraine. Taking into account Ukraine's significant annual indicators of agricultural exports and its high agro-industrial potential, the article notes the important role of studying the organizational and economic conditions for improving domestic exchange trading in derivative contracts on organized commodity markets in the post-war period of rebuilding Ukraine's economic system and accelerating European integration processes. Based on the systematization of the views of domestic scientific researchers, the main stages of the formation of exchange trading in derivative contracts are expanded and supplemented, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of organized commodity markets under martial law. The main obstacles and factors that hindered the further improvement of domestic exchange trading in derivatives are presented. Promising directions for the further development of exchange trading in derivative contracts in Ukraine in the post-war period are highlighted. Among the main organizational measures necessary to accelerate the development of domestic exchange trading in derivative contracts, the importance of forming the necessary market infrastructure was noted, which would ensure transparent conditions for the functioning and regulation of the spot market for commodity assets. It should be noted that certain steps have already been taken in this direction in Ukraine, including the necessary regulatory system. The importance of the restoration of exchange trading in financial derivatives, which has already taken place in the practice of domestic stock exchanges, is noted, which will become the optimal solution in the post-war period. The introduction of exchange trading in futures contracts for commodity assets may be the next step in ensuring the further development of organized commodity markets in Ukraine. After all, competitive conditions for market pricing allows for the forecasting of market prices.

GLOBAL MICROCHIP MARKET: GEO-ECONOMICS, SECURITY, AND THE NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY

2025-10-14T05:28:05+00:00

The article examines the global semiconductor market through the lenses of geo-economics and international security, showing how the latest wave of industrial policy and export controls reshapes supply chains, capital allocation, and technology migration. The objective is a decision-focused assessment for open and transition economies: where resilience can be built at the lowest opportunity cost while preserving innovation. Methodologically, the study combines structured industry analysis with qualitative scenario modeling for 2025–2030. We map the value chain from design/EDA through foundry and OSAT, flag single points of failure in lithography and specialty materials, and stress-test three trajectories: Friend-shoring+ (rapid re-routing with higher CAPEX and longer lead times), Strategic Parity (coordinated access rules and gradual easing of concentration at advanced nodes), and Fragmentation 2.0 (tighter restrictions and local shocks that create duplicative technology islands). Results show that institutional discipline is decisive. Conditional incentives tied to measurable localization KPIs, transparent supply documentation, audited multi-sourcing, and coordinated access policies for equipment and EDA cut systemic risk without dismantling global specialization. Across scenarios, operational metrics–time-to-recover, time-to-survive, inventory buffers, fallback logistics, and routine cyber diligence–are more useful than headline capacity figures for policy and management. The practical contribution is an implementation-ready toolkit: for policymakers, incentives with clawback clauses, crisis playbooks anchored in recovery metrics, and baseline mutual-recognition; for firms, enforceable multi-sourcing, flexible node allocations with contingency capacity, and periodic stress tests; for analysts, a minimal monitoring set–bottleneck concentration, access to tools, inventory adequacy, and recovery performance. Overall, the paper argues for a trust-based architecture in which industrial policy is conditional, coordinated, and measurable, allowing resilience and innovation to reinforce each other.

THE ROLE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BALTIC STATES’ FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS

2025-10-09T08:13:28+00:00

The article substantiates the need to build an evidence base regarding the causal relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the export performance of the Baltic States, taking into account sectoral and technological specificities, the role of innovation (GERD/BERD), and integration into global value chains, as well as in formulating applied policy recommendations for linking FDI with export modernization. Based on data from Eurostat/Comext, UNCTADstat, OECD TiVA, and national banks, a “FDI–innovation–export” panel of indicators has been constructed, and panel models with fixed effects, PPML gravity estimation, and robustness checks have been applied. It is shown that FDI combined with business R&D (BERD) enhances export quality and participation in global value chains: the effect is predominantly positive for Lithuania, neutral-to-positive for Estonia, and limited for Latvia due to import intensity. Recommended tools for linking FDI with innovation include tax incentives, clusters, and export vouchers to maximize the trade multiplier. Price shocks of 2022–2024 and sectoral (NACE) structural differences are additionally considered. It is established that, for the Baltic States, a foreign trade breakthrough occurs when FDI inflows are reinforced by sustainable private R&D investments and institutional incentives (tax support, innovation infrastructure, digital ecosystem). Ultimately, this translates into an expansion of high-tech goods exports and growth of services exports (especially in information and communication technologies). Estonia demonstrates a service-digital trajectory; Lithuania—an acceleration of high-tech exports through integration into GVCs and FDI; while Latvia requires an intensification of BERD and scaling up of innovation incentives to more fully monetize integration into European value chains. The research proposed in the article aims to deepen the theoretical foundations and to determine the most adequate and effective approaches to building an evidence base for the causal link between FDI and export performance of the Baltic States, taking into account sectoral and technological specificities, the role of innovation (GERD/BERD), and integration into global value chains, which may be applied for strategic trade planning of the Baltic States within the single economic space of the European Union.